ESTABLISHMENT OF THE BRITISH POWER IN INDIA

                  ESTABLISHMENT OF BRITISH IN INDIA  

1. Mercantilism-It is a principle that a Company should only earn profit through trade.

                                                 TRADE WARS

1. Trade wars were between Portugal,Holland,France and Britain.

2. It happened to gain supremacy in trade in India.

3. British was victorious.

                                                        THE PORTUGESE (1498)

1. They were the first Europeans to start trade with East countries.

2. They opened their centres at Cochin,Goa,Daman and Diu.

3. They were having good armed ship and Navigation skills.

                                                               THE DUTCH (1604)

1.They established their company in 1602 and started trading in 1604.

2.Their was rivalry between Dutch and B1ritish but British won.

3.Their trading centres were at Pulicat,Surat,Chisura,Qasimbazar,Patna,Nagapatam and Cochin.

                                                                     

                                                                THE BRITISH (1608)

1.The British east India company was established on 31 December 1600.

2.They landed  on Indian port on 24 August 1608.

3.Sir Thomas roe was sent as an ambassador to get permission from Mughal emperor Jahangir to set up a factory in Mughal area.

4.They set up their first factory at river Hugli in 1651.

                                                                    

                                                                   THE FRENCH (1664)

1. The French East India company was formed by Colbert in 1664.

2. They established their first factory by Francious Caron in 1668.

3. They also set up another factory in 1669.

                             

                                                    ANGLO-FRENCH CARNATIC WAR AND CARNATIC WARS

1. Carnatic wars took place between 1746-1763 between British and French.

2. They fought to gain supremacy in India.

3. British were under command of Robert Clive and French were under Joseph Dupleir.

4. The British had settlement in Madras and French had settlement in Pondicherry.

5. At that time the rulers of Hyderabad,Carnatic and Mysore were in constant conflict so British and French take advantage and grouped themselves.

6. At the end British was able to expel French from India.

                                                      RISE OF BRITISH POWER IN BENGAL

1. Bengal was a part of Mughal empire but later Nawab became independent.

2. The early Nawabs of Bengal Murshid Ali Khan and Alivardi Khan exercised strict control over British.

3. The company officially started their private trade without paying taxes,duty causing huge loss to Nawabs of Bengal.

4. The British secured an order from Auranzeb which granted company the right to duty free trade.

                                         CONFLICT WITH THE NAWABS OF BENGAL

1. Alivardi Khan was succeeded by Sirajuddaulah in 1756.

2. Sirajuddaulah was aware about growing of British in India so he keep an on the British.

3. The British was misbehaving the grants they got for trade.

4. Sirajuddaulah order the British to pull down the illegal fortifications but British refused to do so.

5. The conflict between British and Sirajuddaulah led to battle of Plassey.

                                           THE BATTLE OF PLASSEY 

1. In 1756 when Sirajuddaulah became the Nawab of Bengal then he captured the forts of British at Qasimbazar and Calcutta.

2. When Sirajuddaulah heared the news that British is sending a force under Robert Clive.

3. Pronologed relations with the Nawabs failed.

4. Finally in 1757 Robert Clive led British to win.

                                        REASON OF BATTLE OF PLASSEY 

1. Robert Clive wanted to eliminate Sirajuddaulah and replace him with some people.

2. The people he replaced were his puppets.

                                               RIGHT VALUES

1. This teaches us that we should be loyal to our friends,family,teachers and people you trust.

2. You should also be faithful to others.

                                         RESULTS OF BATTLE OF PLASSEY

1. This battle helped British to capture whole India.

2. Very vast resources of Bengal were in hands of British.

3. Mir Jafar was proclaimed as the Nawab of Bengal.

4. Mir Jafar granted the company the right to tax free trade in Bengal,Odisha and Bihar.

5. He also gave 1 crore 77 lakh rupees to the company as compestion for attack on Calcutta.

6. The company also recieved zamindari of 24 paragons.

                                                  BATTLE OF BUXAR

1. After death of Sirajuddaulah Mir Jafar was proclaimed the Nawab of Bengal but he also protested so he was replaced by Mir Qasim.

2. Mir Qasim proclaimed and fought the battle of Buxar on 22nd October 1764 but eventually lost.

3. Later Mir Qasim did collaboration with Shujauddaulah who was the Nawab of Awadh and Shah Alam 2 who was a Mughal emperor but they were not able to defeat British.

                                           RESULTS OF BATTLE OF BUXAR

1. Treaty of Allahabad- It was signed in 1765.Shujjaudaulah was forced to pay a war endemity of 50 lakh rupees and he also gave Awadh to British but Kara and Allahabad were restored to him.

2. Shah Alam 2 got districts of Kara and Allahabad and he was also granted the annual subsidy of 26 lakh rupees.T

3. Diwani allowed British to use vast resources of Bengal.These revenue could be used to purchase cotton and silk textiles in India,To maintain troops and to meet the cost of building forts and offices at Calcutta.

4. A defensive alliance was also made with the Nawab of Awadh by which the company promised to provide him with troops.

                         THE MYSORE WARS FROM 1767 TO 1805

1. First Mysore war- This war was between Haider Ali and British in which Haider Ali defeated the British.

2. Second Mysore war- Haider Ali was attacked by Marathas but British didn't came for help.The British captured the port of Mahe from British.Haider Ali died in the middle of the war in 1782 so his son Tipu Sultan continued the war.This war ended by signing the treaty of Manglore.

3. Third Mysore war- This war was between Tipu Sultan and British,Nizams and Marathas.They forced Tipu to sign treaty of Seringpattam in 1792 which ended Tipu's dominance over south.

4. Fourth Mysore war- Tipu Sultan wanted to take revenge of the defeat in 3rd Mysore war.Lord Wellesley Who was the governor general at that time realised the intentions of Tipu so the triple alliance defeated Tipu.

                             THE MARATHAS 

1. Marathas became powerful in middle of 18th century.

2. They became powerful under Shivaji.

3. They challenged Mughals but were defeated.

4. They also faced Ahmad Shah Abdali in third battle of Panipat.

                                    THE MARATHA WARS

1. Interfarence of the British in the internal matters of Marathas resulted in three anglo Maratha wars between 1775 and 1818.

2. The British supported Raghunath Rao for peshwaship and others supported Madhava Rao 2 under leadership of Nana Fadnavis and this conflict lead to first Maratha war from 1775 to 1782.In this war British were defeated.

3. Second Maratha war took place between 1803 to 1805.

4. Third Maratha war completely destroyed Marathas which took place from 1817 to 1818.

5. After 3rd Maratha war Peshwaship was abolished and many parts of Marathas were taken by British.

                                                                             THE SIKH WARS

1. During the rule of Bonda Bahadur,Punjab was divided in 12 small sikh kingdoms.

2. In 1802,Maharaja Ranjit Singh became the chief of Amritsar.

3. Ranjit Singh's territory extended from central Punjab to river Sutlej.

4. He is also known as 'Lion of Punjab'.

5. He died in 1839 and after his death the British spread unrest.

6. During unrest three sons of Ranjit Singh were killed and the youngest son Dalip Singh was put on the throne.

7. Dalip Singh was the minor so his mother,Rani Jindhan became his regent.

8. Due to some political instability British was able to capture Punjab.

9. After some time Raja Dalip Singh was sent to England with Kohinoor diamond as a gift to Queen Victoria.

                    VARIOUS PRETEXTS OF BRITISH TO CAPTURE TERRITORIES

1. Taking advantage of war of succesion- 

• Bharatpur was annexed in 1826.
• War of succesion took place between minor son of Jat ruler and his cousion.  

2. Invoking treaty of friendship-

• Their was treaty signed in 1809 which stated that British will not attack on Sindh.
• This treaty was broken by British and they attacked Sindh by Russia through Afghanistan.
• The ruler of Sindh was shocked but British did not consider it as wrong. 

3. Doctrine of Lapse-

• Doctrine of Lapse stated that if a king of a kingdom dies and the king has no son then the kingdom will directly go under British.
• Through this method British capture Satara in 1848,Sambalpur in 1850,Jaitpur and Udaipur in 1852,Nagpur in 1853 and Jhansi in 1854.

4. Subsidary Alliance-

• This pretext was led by Lord Wellesley.
• It has four stages.

1. The British would provide military assistance to the state which signed this treaty.
2. The state which signed this treaty was not allowed to do colaboration with any other kingdom or declare a war against any state.
3. The state which signed this treaty was forced to have a British station in their state.
4. The states who signed this treaty were forced to give some part of their kingdom to British.

5. On basis of Misgovernance-

• Awadh was captured by this method.
• Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was given 12 lakh rupees and sent to Calcutta.
• It caused discontentment among people of Awadh.
• The Begum of Awadh and Soldiers took active part in revolt of 1857.